Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) provide an important benchmark of a property’s energy efficiency based on standardized assumptions about building fabric, systems, and usage. However, actual energy consumption often differs from EPC predictions due to occupant behaviour and usage patterns. Understanding this gap helps homeowners and landlords better manage energy costs and expectations.

This article explores how occupant actions impact real energy performance and what that means in relation to EPC scores.

Why EPCs May Not Reflect Actual Energy Use

EPC assessments are based on models that assume typical usage patterns, such as:

  • Standard heating schedules

  • Average indoor temperatures

  • Consistent appliance usage

  • Assumed ventilation rates

In reality, occupant behaviour varies widely, affecting energy consumption beyond what EPC calculations predict.

Key Occupant Behaviour Factors Affecting Energy Use

1. Heating and Cooling Preferences

Keeping heating or cooling on for longer periods or at higher temperatures than assumed increases energy use, lowering cost savings compared to EPC expectations.

2. Use of Appliances and Lighting

Frequent use of appliances, electronics, and lighting beyond typical assumptions adds to energy consumption, diverging from EPC modeled figures.

3. Window and Door Operation

Leaving windows or doors open during heating seasons causes heat loss, negatively impacting actual energy efficiency.

4. Hot Water Usage

Higher hot water demand or inefficient use can increase energy required for domestic hot water heating beyond EPC assumptions.

Usage Patterns Impacting Energy Efficiency

  • Occupancy Levels: More people in the home usually means more energy use.

  • Presence Patterns: Work-from-home or occupancy during daytime affects heating and electricity demand.

  • Lifestyle Choices: Cooking habits, entertainment systems, and ventilation habits all contribute.

Bridging the Gap: Managing Energy Use vs EPC Scores

1. Behavioural Changes

Simple adjustments like lowering thermostat settings, reducing appliance standby power, and managing ventilation can align actual consumption closer to EPC predictions.

2. Smart Controls and Automation

Thermostats, timers, and smart meters help optimize energy use in line with occupant needs while avoiding waste.

3. Education and Awareness

Understanding the impact of daily habits empowers occupants to reduce energy use and bills.

How EPCRate Helps You Understand and Improve Energy Performance

At EPCRate, our EPC assessors provide clear explanations of EPC scores and their assumptions, helping property owners understand the difference between predicted and actual energy use. We also offer advice on how occupant behaviour can improve energy efficiency.

Learn more about our EPC services or book your assessment with transparent pricing.

Contact EPCRate for Expert EPC Guidance in London

To get accurate EPC assessments and practical energy-saving advice tailored to your lifestyle, contact EPCRate via our contact page. We help bridge the gap between modelled and real energy performance.

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